The idea here is that all sites contain two major parts, the content: all your articles, text and photos and the design: rounded corners, colors and effects. Usually those two are made in different parts of a webpage?s lifetime. The design is... Read More

Important declaration is a declaration with increased weight. Declaration with increased weight will override declarations with normal weight. If both reader's and author's style sheet contain statements with important declarations the... Read More

Cascade is a method of defining the weight (importance) of individual styling rules thus allowing conflicting rules to be sorted out should such rules apply to the same selector. Declarations with increased weight take precedence over declaration... Read More

XSL is a proposed styling language for formatting XML (eXtensible Markup Language) documents. The proposal was submitted to the W3C by Microsoft, Inso, and ArborText. Read More

in your CSS, you can specify the border property for linked images: a img { border: none ; } However, note that removing the border that indicates an image is a link makes it harder for users to distinguish quickly and easily which images on a... Read More

Netscape It is not possible to do this in Netscape yet (as of version 4.0.) Internet Explorer 3.0 (Win95/NT) [It is possible to do this at least in Windows95/NT, but no user interface is provided. Unknown how this might be accomplished on other... Read More

Class selector is a "stand alone" class to which a specific style is declared. Using the CLASS attribute the declared style can then be associated with any HTML element. The class selectors are created by a period followed by the class's name.... Read More

CSS properties take precedence over HTML attributes. If both are specified, HTML attributes will be displayed in browsers without CSS support but won't have any effect in browsers with CSS support. Read More

It makes sense in some situations, but not in others. For example, when a child element is set to width: 100%, I don't think it should cover the padding of its parent. The box-sizing property in CSS3 addresses this issue. Ideally, the issue... Read More

Yes. Style Sheets will be ignored in browsers without CSS-support and HTML stylistic elements used. Read More

Style Sheets allow style information to be specified from many locations. Multiple (partial) external style sheets can be referenced to reduce redundancy, and both authors as well as readers can specify style preferences. In addition, three main... Read More

With CSS, you can use the background-repeat property. The background repeat can be included in the shorthand background property, as in this example: body { background: white url(example.gif) no-repeat ; color: black ; } Read More

Layout and style should be tackled by the same language and the two are intertwined. Trying to split the two is like splitting the HTML specification in two, one specification describing inline elements and the other describing block elements. It&... Read More

PSRELEASE Read More

There may be several different reasons behind that, but one very common mistake is to have an external stylesheet that contains HTML markup in some form. An external stylesheet must contain only CSS rules, and if required, correctly formed CSS... Read More

ID identifies and sets style to one and only one occurrence of an element while class can be attached to any number of elements. By singling out one occurrence of an element the unique value can be declared to said element. CSS #eva1 {background:... Read More

a:link, a:visited {text-decoration: none} or <a style="text-decoration: none" HREF="..."> ...will show the links without underlining. However, suppressing the underlining of links isn't a very smart idea as most people are used to... Read More

Shorthand property is a property made up of individual properties that have a common "addressee". For example properties: font-weight, font-style, font-variant, font-size, font-family, refer to the font. To reduce the size of style sheets and also... Read More

 is generally true that you should give background or background-color a value, but not necessarily a color value. E.g., if the document has a background image, you would "highlight" all links if you give them a background color. body {... Read More

By classifying each set of links and then attaching desired color to each set. CSS: < style type="text/css"> <!-- A.set1:link {color: some_color; background: some_background_color} A.set1:visited {color: some_color; background:... Read More

The simple answer is "None" which is why CSS offers five generic font names as 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy' and 'monospace'. Never put any of these generic font names in quotes. A... Read More

CSS selector is equivalent of HTML element(s). It is a string identifying to which element(s) the corresponding declaration(s) will apply and as such the link between the HTML document and the style sheet. For example in P {text-indent: 10pt} the... Read More

CSS is a web standard that describes style for XML/HTML documents. Read More

You need to know what the 100% is of, so the parent div must have a height set. One problem that people often come up against is making the main page fill the screen if there's little content. You can do that like this : CSS body, html { ... Read More

Property is a stylistic parameter (attribute) that can be influenced through CSS, e.g. FONT or WIDTH. There must always be a corresponing value or values set to each property, e.g. font: bold or font: bold san-serif. Read More

Assuming you have already checked that your style sheet declarations do conform to correct CSS syntax, it could be that you have overlooked the importance of a correct order of style declarations for links. The CSS2 specification makes this... Read More

You can help with this by setting properties in recommended places. Style rules that apply to the whole document should be set in the BODY element -- and only there. In this way, the user can easily modify document-wide style settings. Read More

Netscape 4.x has poor support for CSS. Having said that, the following points should be noted. Invalid HTML will almost certainly cause Netscape to ignore your CSS suggestions at some point. You will find that valid HTML is your best friend, but... Read More

Pseudo-elements are fictional elements that do not exist in HTML. They address the element's sub-part (non-existent in HTML) and not the element itself. In CSS1 there are two pseudo-elements: 'first-line pseudo-element' and 'first... Read More

The simple answer is, you can't, and you shouldn't waste your time trying to make it exactly the same. Web browsers are allowed, per definition, to interpret a page as they like, subject to the general rules set down in the HTML and CSS... Read More

Quite a bit actually. Style sheets only specify information that controls display and rendering information. Virtual style elements that convey the NATURE of the content can not be replaced by style sheets, and hyperlinking and multimedia object... Read More

Document Style Semantics and Specification Language is an international standard, an expression language, a styling language for associating processing (formatting and transformation) with SGML documents, for example XML. Read More

Yes. Comments can be written anywhere where whitespace is allowed and are treated as white space themselves. Anything written between /* and */ is treated as a comment (white space). NOTE: Comments cannot be nested. Read More

In theory, the following will produce 4 "columns": <DIV style="float: left; width: 25%;">Block 1</DIV> <DIV style="float: left; width: 25%;">Block 2</DIV> <DIV style="float: left; width: 25%;">Block 3</DIV> <... Read More

If PHP is not available to you, you could use the cascade. Put an id in your body tags and an id in each of your 'a' tags for the links. Let's say on page one you have this: CSS <body id="page1"> .... <a id="page1link"... Read More

The most simple way is to use the 'title' attribute like this... HTML <span title="Example of the title attribute in use">like this</span> CSS a.tooltip { position:relative; cursor:help; } a.tooltip span { ... Read More

The CSS-names; names of selectors, classes and IDs can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code. The names cannot start with a dash... Read More

CSS has the ability to explicitly control the status of underlining for an element - even for hyperlinks. The correct way to do this in an external or document-level style sheet is: A { text-decoration: none } and within an anchor element as: ... Read More

Only in very rare situations we will find users that have a "calibrated" rendering device that shows fixed font sizes correct. This tells us that we can never know the real size of a font when it's rendered on the user end. Other people may find... Read More

A lot of the time, when you find gaps that you can't account for, they are due the default styles of different browsers - especially the margins and padding. IE gives forms some margins above and below forms while Firefox doesn't. It's... Read More

You can't put 'a' tags around a div, but you can do this with javascript : HTML <div onclick="javascript:location='http://bonrouge.com'" id="mydiv"> ... stuff goes here ... </div> If you want to use an... Read More

Recommending people to use classes in their 'a' tags like this : CSS a.red { color:red; } a.blue { color:blue; } HTML <a href="#" class="red">A red link</a> <a href="#" class="blue">A blue link</a> This is a valid... Read More

Value is a 'physical' characteristic of the property. Property declares what should be formatted, e.g. FONT while value suggests how the property should be formatted, e.g. 12pt. By setting the value 12pt to the property FONT it is suggested... Read More

Initial value is a default value of the property, that is the value given to the root element of the document tree. All properties have an initial value. If no specific value is set and/or if a property is not inherited the initial value is used. For... Read More

A Cascading Style Sheet ( CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even... Read More

Yes, it's possible to take CSS further in several directions. W3C just published a new Working Draft which describes features for printing, e.g., footnotes, cross-references, and even generated indexes. Another great opportunity for CSS is Web... Read More

1. By setting the properties margin-left and margin-right to auto and width to some explicit value: BODY {width: 30em; background: cyan;} P {width: 22em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto} In this case, the left and right margins will... Read More

Margin, Border and Padding are difficult to apply to inline elements. Officially, the <TD> tag is a block level element because it can contain other block level elements (see Basics - Elements). If you need to set special margins, borders, or... Read More

Forms and form elements like SELECT, INPUT etc. can be styled with CSS - partially. Checkboxes and Radiobuttons do not yet accept styles, and Netscape 4.xx has certain issues, but here is a tutorial that explains the application of CSS Styles on... Read More

There are several reasons for this. First, style sheets become more legible -- both for humans and machines. The background property is already the most complex property in CSS1 and combining it with color would make it even more complex. Second,... Read More

Need a div which makes space at the bottom of the main page (inside the #wrap div). Then, the footer (being inside #wrap) can be placed in that space by using absolute positioning. Like this : CSS body, html { height:100%; } body { ... Read More

V Grouping is gathering (1) into a comma separated list two or more selectors that share the same style or (2) into a semicolon separated list two or more declarations that are attached to the same selector (2). 1. The selectors LI, P with class... Read More

External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The... Read More

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be. The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the... Read More

Yes. If more than one declaration is attached to a selector they must appear in a semi colon separated list, e.g.; Selector {declaration1; declaration2} P {background: white; color: black} Read More

Style Sheets are templates, very similar to templates in desktop publishing applications, containing a collection of rules declared to various selectors (elements). Read More

There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. Ruleset identifies selector or selectors and declares style which is to be attached to that selector or selectors. For example P {text-indent: 10pt} is a CSS rule. CSS rulesets consist of two... Read More

Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document. <HEAD> <STYLE TYPE="text/ css"> <!... Read More

ID selector is an individually identified (named) selector to which a specific style is declared. Using the ID attribute the declared style can then be associated with one and only one HTML element per document as to differentiate it from all other... Read More

Contextual selector is a selector that addresses specific occurrence of an element. It is a string of individual selectors separated by white space, a search pattern, where only the last element in the pattern is addressed providing it matches the... Read More

Specify the background-repeat property as no-repeat. You can also use the background property as a shortcut for specifying multiple background-* properties at once. Here's an example: BODY {background: #FFF url( watermark.jpg) no-repeat;} Read More

SGML (of which HTML is a derivative) was meant to be a device-independent method for conveying a document's structural and semantic content (its meaning.) It was never meant to convey physical formatting information. HTML has crossed this line... Read More

Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply exclusively to this specific element occurrence. <P STYLE="text-indent: 10pt">... Read More

Style sheets are the way that standards-compliant Web designers define the layout, look-and-feel, and design of their pages. They are called Cascading Style Sheets or CSS. With style sheets, a designer can define many aspects of a Web page: *... Read More

To set a minimum width, the CSS property is 'min-width'. This can be very useful and works well in good browsers. IE doesn't understand 'min-width'. However, it has a proprietary property called 'expression' which... Read More

To place text or image over an image you use the position property. The below exemple is supported by IE 4.0. All you have to do is adapt the units to your need. <div style="position: relative; width: 200px; height: 100px"> <div style=... Read More

That'll be the pages with more content? The ones that have a vertical scrollbar? If you look in IE there's probably a white space on the right where there would be a scrollbar if there were enough content to require one. In Firefox, the... Read More

To combine multiple/partial style sheets into one set the TITLE attribute taking one and the same value to the LINK element. The combined style will apply as a preferred style, e.g.: <LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="default. css" TITLE="combined">... Read More

Attribute selector is a selector defined by 1) the attribute set to element(s), 2) the attribute and value(s), 3) the attribute and value parts: 1a) A[title] {text-decoration: underline} All A elements containing the TITLE attribute will be... Read More

Parent-child selector is a selector representing the direct descendent of a parent element. Parent-child selectors are created by listing two or more tilde (~) separated selectors. BODY ~ P {background: red; color: white} The P element will be... Read More

With CSS, you can suggest a background image (and a background color, for those not using your image) with the background property. Here is an example: body { background: white url(example.gif) ; color: black ; } If you specify a background... Read More

With CSS, you can use the background-attachment property. The background attachment can be included in the shorthand background property, as in this example: body { background: white url(example.gif) fixed ; color: black ; } Note that this... Read More

In most cases, a CSS pixel will be equal to a device pixel. But, as you point out, the definition of a CSS pixel will sometimes be different. For example, on a laser printer, one CSS pixel can be equal to 3x3 device pixels to avoid printing... Read More

Yes. CSS can be used with any ny structured document format. e.g. XML, however, the method of linking CSS with other document types has not been decided yet. Read More

Pseudo-classes are fictional element types that do not exist in HTML. In CSS1 there is only one element type which can be classed this way, namely the A element (anchor). By creating three fictional types of the A element individual style can be... Read More

Existing HTML style methods (such as <font SIZE> and <b>) may be easily combined with style sheet specification methods. Browsers that do not understand style sheets will use the older HTML formatting methods, and style sheets... Read More

Style sheets allow a much greater degree of layout and display control than has ever been possible thus far in HTML. The amount of format coding necessary to control display characteristics can be greatly reduced through the use of external style... Read More

There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. At-rule is a rule that applies to the whole style sheet and not to a specific selector only (like in ruleset). They all begin with the @ symbol followed by a keyword made up of letters a-z, A-Z,... Read More

CSS declaration is style attached to a specific selector. It consists of two parts; property which is equivalent of HTML attribute, e.g. text-indent: and value which is equivalent of HTML value, e.g. 10pt. NOTE: properties are always ended with a... Read More

No. Style sheets are case insensitive. Whatever is case insensitive in HTML is also case insensitive in CSS. However, parts that are not under control of CSS like font family names and URLs can be case sensitive - IMAGE.gif and image.gif is not the... Read More

There are different ways to apply CSS to a HTML document with a stylesheet, and these different ways can be combined: * inline (internal) (Deprecated for XHTML) * embedded (internal) * linked (external) and * @import (external) Note: An... Read More

Many of the recent extensions to HTML have been tentative and somewhat crude attempts to control document layout. Style sheets go several steps beyond, and introduces complex border, margin and spacing control to most HTML elements. It also extends... Read More

Indeed, the CSS formatting model allows more control horizontally than vertically. This is due to (typically) having a known width, but an unknown height. As such, the height is harder to deal with. However, CSS2 fixed positioning allows you to place... Read More

Microsoft's Internet Explorer version 3.0 Beta 2 and above supports CSS, as does Netscape Communicator 4.0 Beta 2 and above and Opera 3.5 and above. Take note that the early implementations in these browsers did not support ALL of the properties... Read More

That's part of the game. I don't think any specification has a birthright to be fully supported by all browsers. There should be healthy competition between different specifications. I believe simple, author-friendly specifications will... Read More

Yes, it's possible to take CSS further in several directions. W3C just published a new Working Draft which describes features for printing, e.g., footnotes, cross-references, and even generated indexes. Another great opportunity for CSS is Web... Read More

It is relative to the parent element's font-size. For example, if the style sheet says: H1 {font-size: 20pt;} SUP {font-size: 80%;} ...then a <SUP> inside an <H1> will have a font-size of 80% times 20pt, or 16pt. Read More

This is very easy. If we take the code in the last question and change it to this : CSS body, html { height:100%; } body { margin:0; padding:0; } #wrap { position:relative; width:780px; margin:auto; min-height:100%; } * html #wrap { ... Read More

Generally no. However, values containing white spaces, e.g. font-family names should be quoted as whitespaces surrounding the font name are ignored and whitespaces inside the font name are converted to a single space, thus font names made up of more... Read More

As support for CSS in browsers has matured in the last year, both WYSIWYG and Text-based HTML editors have appeared that allow the creation or the assistance of creating Cascading Style Sheet syntax. There are now at least two dozen editors... Read More

You redefine the <p> tag like: p {text-align: justify;} and that renders all <p>s with justified text. Another possibility is to define a class, like: .just {text-align: justify;} and then you style the paragraphs in... Read More

A style sheet that is imported into another one has a lower ranking in the cascading order: the importing style sheet overrides the imported one. Programmers may recognize this as the same model as in Java, Modula, Object-Pascal, Oberon and other... Read More

Double or single quotes in URLs are optional. The tree following examples are equally valid: BODY {background: url(pics/wave. png) blue} BODY {background: url("pics/wave.png") blue} BODY {background: url('pics/wave.png') blue} Read More

Partial URLs are relative to the source of the style sheet. The style sheet source can either be linked or embedded. To which source partial URLs are relative to depends on their occurrence. If a partial URL occurs in a linked style sheet then it is... Read More

Yeah This problem sometimes comes up when you make a div just to contain the bottom border of a box, or something like that. In this situation, there's no text in the div, but IE won't let the height of the div be smaller than the line... Read More

There are several ways to accomplish this effect, although each has its own benefits and drawbacks. We start with the simplest method of positioning two paragraphs next to each other. <DIV style="float: left; width: 50%">Paragraph 1<... Read More

This is a somewhat fuzzy issue. As with HTML tags, style sheet information is given using a special language syntax. Use of the language is not copyrighted, and the syntax itself does not convey any content - only rendering information. It is not a... Read More

Question : I want my page fonts to look the same everywhere as in? a) Why are my font sizes different in different browsers ? b) Why are my font sizes different on different platforms ?           Answers: ... Read More

 { font-family: serif; font-size: 1.2em; } Here we see a rule with a 'selector' P that has been given two style declarations, i.e. two 'property:value' pairs. 'font-family' and 'font-size' are properties... Read More

CSS1 has no properties for setting margins or padding around the bullet of a list item and in most cases the position of the bullet is browser-dependent. This is especially true since most browsers disagreed on whether a bullet is found within the... Read More

CSS has the ability to explicitly control the status of underlining for an element - even for hyperlinks. The correct way to do this in an external or document-level style sheet is: A { text-decoration: none } and within an anchor element as: <... Read More

Class is a group of 1) instances of the same element to which an unique style can be attached or 2) instances of different elements to which the same style can be attached. 1) The rule P {color: red} will display red text in all paragraphs. By... Read More

An element points at a HTML-tag somewhere on your page. In the example above we want to style the <h1>-tag. Note that using an element like that affects all tags with that name, so using p { margin-left: 100px; } gives all <p>-tags a left... Read More

Alternate Style Sheet is a sheet defining an alternate style to be used in place of style(s) declared as persistent and/or preferred . Persistent style is a default style that applies when style sheets are enabled but can disabled in favor of an... Read More

Imported Style Sheet is a sheet that can be imported to (combined with) another sheet. This allows creating one main sheet containing declarations that apply to the whole site and partial sheets containing declarations that apply to specific elements... Read More

CSS allows Unicode characters to be entered by number. For example, if a CLASS value in some Russian document contains Cyrillic letters EL PE (Unicode numbers 041B and 041F) and you want to write a style rule for that class, you can put that... Read More

It depends on your definition of "support." If you are interested in those browsers which makes some attempt at supporting CSS, no matter how partial or bug-ridden, then the list is: * Internet Explorer 3.0 and above * Navigator 4.0 and above ... Read More

Inline elements which do not have line breaks. Can occur in block elements or other inline elements, cannot contain block elements. Inline elements in HTML 3.2; EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, TT, I, B, U, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP,... Read More

It makes sense in some situations, but not in others. For example, when a child element is set to width: 100%, I don't think it should cover the padding of its parent. The box-sizing property in CSS3 addresses this issue. Ideally, the issue... Read More

Images are inline elements, which means they are treated in the same way as text. Most people kind of know this - they know that if you use 'text-align:center' on an image it will be centred. What many people don't realise is that this... Read More

Layout and style should be tackled by the same language and the two are intertwined. Trying to split the two is like splitting the HTML specification in two, one specification describing inline elements and the other describing block elements. It&... Read More

The attribute values can contain both single quotes and double quotes as long as they come in matching pairs. If two pair of quotes are required include single quotes in double ones or vice versa: <P STYLE="font-family: 'New Times Roman&... Read More