man -k date Read More

Question : You enter the command cat MyFile | sort > DirList & and the operating system displays [4] 3499 What does this mean? Choose one a. This is job number 4 and the PID of the sort command is 3499. b. This is job number... Read More

Question : You are creating new partitions in preparation for installing Linux. You want to have five different partitions. You have successfully created four partitions, but are unable to create the fifth one. What is the problem? Choose one:... Read More

Question : Which package provides secure remote login sessions, such as secure telnet logins? A) securetelnet B) ssh C) shadow D) ipchains E) SOCKS 5 Answer:   B - The ssh package allows you to configure secure telnet... Read More

Question : Which log contains information on currently logged in users? Choose one: a. /var/log/utmp b. /var/log/wtmp c. /var/log/lastlog d. /var/log/messages Answer: a Information on currently logged on users is stored in the /var/log... Read More

Question : You have a tab delimited file called phonenos and want to change each tab to four spaces. What command can you use to accomplish this? Choose one: a. expand -t4 phonenos b. expand phonenos c. expand -n4 phonenos d. expand ... Read More

Question : After the kernel is loaded, it calls the  daemon which is responsible for creating new processes. Choose one: a. inittab b. sys.conf c. init d. syslog Answer: c The init daemon is responsible for creating processes.... Read More

Question : Which of the following environment variables determines your working directory at the completion of a successful login? Choose one a. HOME b. BASH_ENV c. PWD d. BLENDERDIR Answer: a The HOME environment variable... Read More

Question : What would you type to send the last 20 lines of a text file to STDIN? A) end -n 20 filename B) last -n 20 filename C) head -20 filename D) end -20 filename E) tail -20 filename Answers: Answer: E - Use the ... Read More

split The split text filter will divide files into equally sized pieces. The default length of each piece is 1,000 lines. Read More

command The last field, called either command or login command, is used to specify what shell the user will use when he logs in. Read More

Question : You typed the following at the command line ls -al / home/ hadden. What key strokes would you enter to remove the space between the '/' and 'hadden' without having to retype the entire line? Choose one a.... Read More

syslogd The syslogd daemon is responsible for tracking system information and saving it to specified log files. Read More

Question : When looking at the /etc/passwd file, you notice that all the password fields contain 'x'. What does this mean? Choose one: a. That the password is encrypted. b. That you are using shadow passwords. c. That all... Read More

cpio -iF backup.cpio memo.ben The i tells cpio to extract, F specifies the archive to examine and the file to extract is memo.ben. Read More

Question : You notice that the amount of free space is getting low. When you check the contents of the /tmp directory you find several hundred files so you delete them. After deleting these temp files, you check the amount of free space,... Read More

USR.OPT,ROOT,BOOT,SWAP, Read More

/var/log/messages By default, the main system log is /var/log/messages. Read More

Question : How can you determine who has scheduled at jobs? Choose one: a. at -l b. at -q c. at -d d. atwho Answer: a Using at with the -l option will provide a list of scheduled jobs. This is the same as using atq. Read More

Question : I have created a file with vi editor with -x option. #vi -x hello.sh This is an encrypted file with password. when i again open this file, it ask me to enter a password before editing it. Can i remove that password, but i... Read More

Question : You create a new user by adding the following line to the /etc/passwd file bobm::501:501:Bob Morris:/home/bobm:/bin/bash You then create the user's home directory and use the passwd command to set his password. However, the... Read More

Use the -F option In order to create a link to a directory you must use the -F option. Read More

Question : You have a file with the following permissions -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 phonenos You want the members of the admin group to be able to modify the file. What command should you use? Choose one: a. chmod 664... Read More

Question : Which daemon controls the network service -> POP3 mail service? A) inetd B) pop3d C) maild D) nntpd E) pmaild Answer:   A - The inetd superdaemon controls the POP3 mail service. The POP3 mail service... Read More

Question : Which file defines all users on your system? Choose one: a. /etc/passwd b. /etc/users c. /etc/password d. /etc/user.conf Answer: a The /etc/passwd file contains all the information on users who may log into your system... Read More

user rights:user rights is that user is authorized to used password.if his password/file/dir is expired he is not able to login user permission:permission is user is permitted to to use file/directory.that is authentication if he is authentication... Read More

to the screen or display By default, your shell directs standard output to your screen or display. Read More

Question : You copy the administration directory to George's home directory. -rw-rw--w- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 administration The only group that George is a member of is users. He calls you to say he cannot list the... Read More

Question : Each entry in the /etc/inittab file contains four fields the third of which is the Action field. What is the purpose of this field? Choose one: a. Identifies the entry b. Specifies the command to execute c. Defines how to... Read More

/etc/lilo.conf The default configuration file for LILO is /etc/lilo.conf. You can use another file by using the -C option along with the name of the file. Read More

Question : You have been given the job of administering a new server. It houses a database used by the sales people. This information is changed frequently and is not duplicated anywhere else. What should you do to ensure that this... Read More

top The top utility shows a listing of all running processes that is dynamically updated. Read More

kernel.h To determine the various levels of messages that are defined on your system, examine the kernel.h file. Read More

readonly You cannot run fsck on a partition that is mounted as read-write. Read More

Type system-config- network and configure. Read More

Question : Which first-level segment of the file system contains a majority of system and server configuration files within its subdirectories? A) /var B) /etc C) /bin D) /sbin E) /lib Answer: B - The /etc portion of the file system... Read More

Question : Which two utilities can you use to set up a job to run at a specified time? Choose one: a. at and crond b. atrun and crontab c. at and crontab d. atd and crond Answers:  c You use the at command to schedule a... Read More

Question : After experimenting with vi as your command line editor, you decide that you want to have vi your default editor every time you log in. What would be the appropriate way to do this? Choose one a. Change the /etc/inputrc file b.... Read More

error By default, each command sends its result as standard output and any error messages as standard error. Read More

Shell can make your debugging process easier because it has lots of commands to perform the function. For example sh ?ncommand helps you to perform debugging. It helps you to read the shell but not to execute it during the course. Similarly sh ?x... Read More

Question : What command allows you to set a processor-intensive job to use less CPU time? A) ps B) nice C) chps D) less E) more Answer: B - The nice command is used to change a job's priority level, so that it runs slower or... Read More

gpasswd -r The gpasswd command is used to change the password assigned to a group. Use the -r option to remove the password from the group. Read More

which The which command searches your path until it finds a command that matches the command you are looking for and displays its full path. Read More

root Whenever you install Linux, only one user account is created. This is the superuser account also known as root. Read More

Question : Where are the startup scripts defined? Choose one: a. /etc/initd b. /etc/scripts c. /etc/start d. /etc/inittab Answer: d The /etc/inittab defines which start up scripts to run at each runlevel. Read More

Yes. Linux supports many, many file systems, including the standard MS-DOS partitioning scheme, so it can share your disk with other operating systems. Linux supports all known versions of the Microsoft FAT and VFAT file systems, including those... Read More

Download the driver from internet. then just unzip the tarball using tar -zxvf <rtl8139***.tgz> then for first compile it using make and make install For proper installation of the driver read the INSTALL / README file given in the tarball. Read More

Question : You are partitioning your second SCSI hard drive. What command should you use? Choose one: a. fdisk sda2 b. fdisk sdb c. fdisk hdb d. fdisk hda2 Answer: b When using the fdisk command, you pass it the name of the ... Read More

Question : You also need to know the amount of free space on the partition containing the users' home directories. Which of the following commands will provide this information? Choose one: a. df /home b. df -i /home c. df --sync... Read More

Question : Which of the following commands will make your home directory your working directory. Choose one: a. cd b. cd home c. cd .. d. cd home/username Answer: a Issuing the cd command without any arguments will place... Read More

Question : You are entering a long, complex command line and you reach the right side of your screen before you have finished typing. You want to finish typing the necessary commands but have the display wrap around to the left. Which of the... Read More

Question : You attempt to log out but receive an error message that you cannot. When you issue the jobs command, you see a process that is running in the background. How can you fix this so that you can logout? Choose one a. Issue the... Read More

Question : What file would you edit in your home directory to change which window manager you want to use? A) Xinit B) .xinitrc C) XF86Setup D) xstart E) xf86init Answer:  B - The ~/.xinitrc file allows you to set which... Read More

Linus has placed the Linux kernel under the GNU General Public License, which basically means that you may freely copy, change, and distribute it, but you may not impose any restrictions on further distribution, and you must make the source code... Read More

Question : Which file do you edit to set up a printer? A) /etc/printtab.conf B) /etc/print.conf C) /etc/lp.conf D) /etc/printtab E) /etc/printers Answer: D - The file /etc/printab contains printer configuration information. Answers... Read More

Question : Which shell do you assign to a POP3 mail-only account? A) /bin/false B) /bin/sh C) /bin/bash D) /bin/ pop E) /bin/pop3 Answer: A - You assign a POP3 only account to the /bin/false shell. Answers b and c both point to the... Read More

dmesg The dmesg command displays the system messages contained in the kernel ring buffer. By using this command immediately after booting your computer, you will see the boot messages. Read More

pwconv The pwconv command creates the file /etc/shadow and changes all passwords to 'x' in the /etc/passwd file. Read More

Question : You wish to print the file vacations with 60 lines to a page. Which of the following commands will accomplish this? Choose one: a. pr -l60 vacations | lpr b. pr -f vacations | lpr c. pr -m vacations | lpr d. pr -l vacations ... Read More

fmt The fmt text utility attempts to make all the lines the same lenght by joining or splitting lines. Read More

tar xf MyBackup.tar memo.ben This command uses the x switch to extract a file. Here the file memo.ben will be restored from the tarfile MyBackup.tar. Read More

echo $SHELL The name and path to the shell you are using is saved to the SHELL environment variable. You can then use the echo command to print out the value of any variable by preceding the variable's name with $. Therefore, typing echo $SHELL... Read More

Question : You have written a script called usrs to parse the passwd file and create a list of usernames. You want to have this run at 5 am tomorrow so you can see the results when you get to work. Which of the following commands will work? ... Read More

Question : You notice that your server load is exceptionally high during the hours of 10 am to 2 noon. When investigating the cause, you suspect that it may be a cron job scheduled by one of your users. What command can you use to determine if... Read More

Question : You have created a primary partition, a swap partition and an extended partition. You can format the primary partition but when you try to format the extended partition it fails. What is the problem? Choose one: a. You should... Read More

Question : You cannot mount /dev/hdb1 and suspect that the superblock is bad. How do you fix this? Choose one: a. Use the mkfs command. b. Use the fsck command with the -f option. c. Use the e2fsck to replace the superblock with a copy... Read More

Create the user's home directory. The useradd command will use the system default for the user's home directory. The home directory is not created, however, unless you use the -m option. Read More

Question : Modules are pieces of kernel code that you can load or unload. What file do you use to pass parameters to a module? Choose one: a. /etc/conf.mod b. /etc/modules c. /etc/inittab d. /etc/conf.modules Answer: d The /etc... Read More

Question : You have installed an additional set of man pages but in Spanish. You have one user who wishes to use the Spanish pages rather than English ones. What should you do to accomplish this? Choose one: a. Edit the man.config file... Read More

Question : You know that the info utility provides easier to understand documentation but you have never used it. How can you access a tutorial on using info? Choose one: a. man info b. info c. info info d. info help Answer: c ... Read More

Question : What command must you run to update the database used by the whatis command? Choose one: a. makewhatis b. updatedb c. make whatisdb d. The database is updated automatically. Answer: a The makewhatis command will create... Read More

Question : Which of the following items would not be important for you to record in your system documentation. Choose one: a. Any kernel patches you might apply. b. Applications that are installed. c. When did each user log on last. d.... Read More

Question : You have a file named 'kickoff' and would like to find every line beginning with a number. Which of the following commands will accomplish this? Choose one: a. grep [0-9] kickoff b. grep ^[0-9] kickoff c. grep [0-9]... Read More

Question : You created a tarfile called myfiles.tar containing copies of all the files in your home directory. In order to save space you compress this file using gzip. After completing the operation, you do a listing of the contents of the... Read More

Question : After bob leaves the company you issue the command userdel bob. Although his entry in the /etc/passwd file has been deleted, his home directory is still there. What command could you have used to make sure that his home directory... Read More

Question : You have set quotas for all your users but half of your users are using more space than they have been allotted. Which of the following could be the problem? Choose one: a. You have too many users on your system. b. Users'... Read More

Question : You have a large spreadsheet located in the /data directory that five different people need to be able to change. How can you enable each user to edit the spreadsheet from their individual home directories? Choose one: a.... Read More

Question : You issue the command ls -l memos and get the following output -rw-rw-r-- 1 bob users 17249 Sep 7 10:08 accounting -rw-rw-r-- 1 bob users 7202 Sep 17 9:10 administration -rw-rw-r-- 1 root users 13367 Sep 1 12:58 humres -rw-rw... Read More

Question : Bob has created a new directory that will contain files that he and seven other users will be using for a new project. These eight users are the only members of the kickoff group. What does Bob need to do to give these users... Read More

Question : In your present working directory, you have the files maryletter memo1 MyTelephoneandAddressBook What is the fewest number of keys you can type to open the file MyTelephoneandAddressBook... Read More

Question : What is meant by sticky bit? Choose one: a. When set on a directory, then only the owner of a file can delete it. b. When set on an executable, then any user can run the executable. c. When set on a file, only the ... Read More

Question : You are running out of space in your home directory. While looking for files to delete or compress you find a large file called .bash_history and delete it. A few days later, it is back and as large as before. What do you need to... Read More

Question : When using sed to replace one term with another it will print every line in the file and then print each line every time it does a replacement. What option should you add to the command line to only print the lines that are... Read More

Question : You previously ran the find command to locate a particular file. You want to run that command again. What would be the quickest way to do this? Choose one a. fc -l find <enter> fc n b. history -l find <enter> ... Read More

Question : You need to search the entire directory structure to locate a specific file. How could you do this and still be able to run other commands while the find command is still searching for your file? Choose one a. find / ... Read More

od The od text filter will dumpt the contents of a file and display it in 2-byte octal numbers. Read More

Question : What would be the result of the command paste -s dog cat? Choose one: a. The corresponding lines from the files dog and cat would be pasted together separated by a tab. b. The corresponding lines from the files dog and cat would... Read More

 wc The wc utility will count the number of characters, words, or lines. Read More

Question : If you type the command cat dog >& cat what would you see on your display? Choose one: a. Any error messages only. b. The contents of the file dog. c. The contents of the file dog and any error messages. d. The contents... Read More

Question : You are not interested in any error messages from the command cat dog cat horse. What command should you enter? Choose one: a. cat dog cat horse >& /dev/null b. cat dog cat horse &> /dev/null c.... Read More

Question : You want to configure your system so that when you create a new user a customized .bash_logout file will be created in the new user's home directory. How can you do this? Choose one: a. Copy the .bash_logout file to the new... Read More

readline By default, your shell used the readline library in emacs mode as its command line editor. Read More

Booting process : first BIOS loads the boot loaders, then boot loaders loads the kernel ,then kernel mount the file systems and drivers installation will takes place and in it will be loaded. Read More

whatis The whatis command displays a summary line from the man page for the specified command. Read More

tar You can use the z modifier with tar to compress your archive at the same time as creating it. Read More

Question : You have the /var directory on its own partition. You have run out of space. What should you do? Choose one: a. Reconfigure your system to not write to the log files. b. Use fips to enlarge the partition. c. Delete... Read More

nice Both the top and nice utilities provide the capability to change the priority of a running process. Read More

Question : You are covering for another system administrator and one of the users asks you to restore a file for him. You locate the correct tarfile by checking the backup log but do not know how the directory structure was stored. What ... Read More

cron can be set onlyf or a particular time but at is used to schedule and execute Read More

logrotate The logrotate command can be used to automate the rotation of various logs. Read More

asterick If you add an asterick at the beginning of the password field in the /etc/passwd file, that user will not be able to log in. Read More

128 Although the maximum size for a swap partition is 128 MB, you can have multiple swap partitions. Read More

repquota The repquota command is used to get a report on the status of the quotas you have set including the amount of allocated space and amount of used space. Read More

ctrl-z Using ctrl-z will suspend a job and put it in the background. Read More

2 Linux can be installed on two partitions, one as / which will contain all files and a swap partition. Read More

Question : You want to ensure that your system is not overloaded with users running multiple scheduled jobs. A policy has been established that only the system administrators can create any scheduled jobs. It is your job to implement this... Read More

Question : Which of the following user names is invalid? Choose one: a. Theresa Hadden b. thadden c. TheresaH d. T.H. Answer: a User names cannot contain spaces. Also, they should be eight characters or less. Read More

Question : Your company has implemented a policy that users' passwords must be reset every ninety days. Since you have over 100 users you created a file with each username and the new password. How are you going to change the old... Read More

Question : While using fdisk what command would you use to see the partition table? Choose one: a. w b. m c. w d. p Answer: d The p command will print out the partition table. Read More

blocks When formating your partition using the mkfs utility, you must specify what filesystem type to apply and the number of blocks contained in the partition. Read More

Question : Each inode contains extensive information on a file. Which of the following is not contained in the inode. Choose one: a. file size b. filename c. file's owner d. number of links to the file Answers:  b ... Read More

Question : Why should you track the amount of free space on your disks? Choose one: a. If there is no free space, you will not be able to write to that filesystem. b. If there is no free space, you will not be able to install new... Read More

/var/log/messages The messages file in the /var/log directory is used by the kernel to record all boot messages. Read More

/etc/inittab Although runlevels are defined differently from one distribution to another, they are defined in the /etc/inittab file. Read More

Question : Which of the following statements is not true of LILO? Choose one: a. It can be used on a floppy to boot Linux. b. It must replace the master boot record on your hard drive. c. It will work with other operating systems such... Read More

Question : You wish to find the man page that discusses how to change a password. You type man password but get the message that no manual entry for password exists. What command will find the appropriate page? Choose one: a. man -C... Read More

Question : What does the apropos command do? Choose one: a. It is the same as the man -f command. b. It is the same as the man -K command. c. It searches the short descriptions from the man pages. d. It uses the locatedb database to... Read More

Question : Which of the following commands will display a file one screen at a time? Choose one: a. less b. page c. tr d. cat Answer: a The less pager will display a file one screen at a time. You can also navigate through the... Read More

Question : You are debugging a new application that is crashing. You want to watch the messages as they are being written to the log. What command should you use? Choose one: a. tail b. head c. less d. log Answer: a The tail... Read More

Question : You want to delete the following directories and their files / home/ bob/ letters /home/bob/sales so you issue the command rmdir /home/bob/letters but the command fails. What went wrong? Choose one: a. You need to... Read More

Question : You create a new user account by adding the following line to your /etc/passwd file. bobm:baddog:501:501:Bob Morris:/home/bobm:/bin/bash Bob calls you and tells you that he cannot logon. You verify that he is using the correct... Read More

Question : You need to create a new group called sales with Bob, Mary and Joe as members. Which of the following would accomplish this? Choose one: a. Add the following line to the /etc/group file: sales:44:bob,mary,joe b. Issue the... Read More

Question : You want to make it possible for your users to mount floppy disks. What do you need to do? Choose one: a. Tell your users the password for root as floppies can only be mounted by root. b. Edit the mtab file and add the user... Read More

no The kmem group manages direct access to kernel memory and is necessary for your system's health. Read More

Question : One of your users calls to tell you that he cannot save a new file he has created in his home directory. You check his disk quota and find that he is using less than 50 percent of the space he is allotted. What could be the problem? ... Read More

Question : You have created a subdirectory of your home directory containing your scripts. Since you use the bash shell, what file would you edit to put this directory on your path? Choose one: a. ~/.profile b. /etc/profile c. /etc... Read More

Question : After typing in a new command and pressing enter, you receive an error message indicating incorrect syntax. This error message originated from.. Choose one a. The shell b. The operating system c. The command d. The... Read More

Question : Your default umask is 002. What does this mean? Choose one: a. Any file you create will have the permissions set as owner and group having read and write permissions; others as read only. b. Any file you create will have... Read More

Question : You have a file named phonenos containing names and telephone numbers. Each line contains the telephone number followed by the name. You want to sort the file by telephone number in ascending order. Which of the following commands... Read More

Question : What would be the result of issuing the command cat phonenos? Choose one: a. The file phonenos would be displayed in reverse order with the last line shown first. b. The first word of each line of the file phonenos would be... Read More

Question : You enter the command cat horse | tr 'x' 'X'. What is the purpose of the | character? Choose one: a. The | character is used to send the output from one command to another command as input. b. The |... Read More

 a The tee utility is used to simultaneously send the output of a command to the display and a file Read More

Question : As the system administrator you have created a directory containing some scripts that you have written. You want to have all your users to be able to run this scripts. Which file should you edit to ensure that the scripts will run... Read More

The name "Linux" is used to refer to three similar yet slightly different things, which can be confusing to all but the hardcore geek. The three usages vary by how much of a complete software system the speaker is talking about. At the lowest level,... Read More

A minimal Linux installation requires a machine for which a port exists, at least 2Mb of RAM, and a single floppy drive, but to do anything even remotely useful, more RAM and disk space are needed. Read More

Question : Which package can you use to regulate which network traffic is allowed to enter a specific machine, but not on any other machines? A) tcp_wrappers B) ipchains C) SOCKS 5 D) TCP/IP E) ipfirewall Answer:   A... Read More

Question : What command would you use to create an empty file without opening it to edit it? A) open B) vi C) pico D) touch E) edit Answer: D - You use the touch command to create an empty file without needing to open it.... Read More

The Linux kernel has support for the Amiga Fast File System (AFFS) version 1.3 and later, both as a compile-time option and as a module. The file Documentation/filesystems/affs.txt in theLinux kernel source distribution has more information. Linux... Read More

Threads are "light weight processes" (LWPs). The idea is a process has five fundamental parts: code ("text"), data (VM), stack, file I/O, and signal tables. "Heavy-weight processes" (HWPs) have a significant amount of overhead when switching: all the... Read More

Question : What do you type to stop a hung process that resists the standard attempts to shut it down? [Choose all correct answers] A) kill PID B) quit C) kill -9 PID D) exit E) Ctrl+C Answer(s): A, C, E - The kill command by itself... Read More

Type your answer: Answer: tail -15 dog cat horse The tail utility displays the end of a file. The -15 tells tail to display the last fifteen lines of each specified file. Read More

The SYS user owns the data dictionary. The SYS and SYSTEM users are created when the database is created. Read More

c A shell is a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and the operating system. It interprets what you type and passes it to the operating system. Read More

kernel updation is a process of to upgrade the kernel file with a new or latest version of kernel & use of them as a default kernel. Read More

Question : What command you execute to display the last five commands you have entered? Which partitions might you create on mail server HDDs other than the root, swap and boot partitions? Which partitioning tool is available in all... Read More

Question : You changed /etc/lilo.conf to cause a boot: prompt to show, however, when you restart your computer you still do not have a prompt. What should you do? Choose one: a. Rename your configuration file to /etc/lilo.conf.new. b.... Read More

zcat The zcat utility allows you to examine the contents of a compressed file much the same way that cat displays a file. Read More

Question : You have a technician who will come in after hours to install new hardware in your system. You do not want to give him the root password, but he needs to be able to shutdown the system. How can you accomplish this? Choose one: a... Read More

Question : When you only back up one partition, this is called a backup. Choose one a. Differential b. Full c. Partial d. Copy Answer: c A partial backup is where you select only a portion of your file hierarchy or a single partition... Read More

Question : Which file do you need to change to alter how the updatedb database is created? Choose one: a. /etc/which.conf b. /etc/conf.updatedb c. /etc/updatedb.conf d. /etc/conf.which Answer: c The /etc/updatedb.conf file is used... Read More

type The first character of the permission block designates the type of file that is being displayed. Read More

fsck The fsck command is used to check the integrity of the filesystem on your disk. Read More

Question : You are going to reboot your system but want to warn your users to log off. Which of the following commands will send a message to the users. Choose one: a. init b. halt c. reboot d. shutdown Answer: d The shutdown... Read More

change If a file is static and never changes, then you can back it up less frequently. However, if a file changes daily or hourly, then you will want to back it up more frequently to prevent the loss of data. Read More

Question : Which of the following commands can be used to get information about a package? [Choose all correct answers] A) man B) list C) apropos D) info E) more Answer :    A, C, D - The man command pulls up man pages,... Read More

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) is a protocol used by networked devices (clients) to obtain the IP address. Read More

Question : Which command do you use to change run levels? A) initlevel B) runlevel C) level D) run E) init Answer: E - The command used to change runlevels is init. Answers a, c, and d point to invalid commands. Answer b is a valid... Read More

Question : There are seven fields in the /etc/passwd file. Which of the following lists all the fields in the correct order? Choose one: a. username, UID, GID, home directory, command, comment b. username, UID, GID, comment, home... Read More

Which of the following commands will show a list of the files in your home directory including hidden files and the contents of all subdirectories? Choose one: a. ls -c home b. ls -aR /home/username c. ls -aF /home/username d. ls -l /home... Read More

Question : You have a directory called /home/ben/memos and want to move it to /home/bob/memos so you issue the command mv /home/ben/memos /home/bob. What is the results of this action? Choose one: a. The files contained in /home/ben/memos... Read More

Question : You attempt to use shadow passwords but are unsuccessful. What characteristic of the /etc/passwd file may cause this? Choose one: a. The login command is missing. b. The username is too long. c. The password field is... Read More

Question : Where is a good place to store shell scripts that are for use by the author? A) ~/bin B) /bin C) /usr/bin D) /root Answer: A - It is best to keep scripts meant only for your account under ~/bin. Answers b, c, d, and e are... Read More

Question : What type of local file server can you use to provide the distribution installation materials to the new machine during a network installation? A) Inetd B) FSSTND C) DNS D) NNTP E) NFS Answer:    E - You... Read More

Question : What would be displayed as the result of issuing the command ps ef? Choose one a. A listing of the user's running processes formatted as a tree. b. A listing of the stopped processes c. A listing of all the running... Read More

Question : Which two documents should you consult before making any final purchasing recommendations? A) The overall Linux hardware compatibility listing. B) The hardware compatibility listing for the distribution you have chosen. C) The... Read More

ls -r /home/ben/memos/*.mem The -c option used with ls results in the files being listed in chronological order. You can use wildcards with the ls command to specify a pattern of filenames. Read More

file The gzip utility cannot compress multiple files in a single operation. Read More

Question : When defining a cronjob, there are five fields used to specify when the job will run. What are these fields and what is the correct order? Choose one: a. minute, hour, day of week, day of month, month b. minute, hour, month, day... Read More

Question : Which daemon must be running in order to have any scheduled jobs run as scheduled? Choose one: a. crond b. atd c. atrun d. crontab Answer: a The crond daemon is responsible for insuring that scheduled jobs run as... Read More

/etc/syslog.conf If no configuration file is specified when starting syslogd, then it will start up with the configuration specified in the /etc/syslog.conf file. Read More

Question : Which of the following lines in your /etc/syslog.conf file will cause all critical messages to be logged to the file /var/log/critmessages? Choose one: a. *.=crit /var/log/critmessages b. ... Read More

Question : You have configured logrotate to rotate your logs weekly and keep them for eight weeks. You are running our of disk space. What should you do? Choose one: a. Quit using logrotate and manually save old logs to another location. ... Read More

Question : You need to copy all the files and directories contained in the home directory to another location. What utility can you use for this? Choose one a. cpio b. cp c. mv d. mvdir Answer: a The cpio utility allows you to... Read More

Question : You have a computer with Windows 95 installed and want to install Linux on it. However, there is no free space available. How could you manage to install Linux on this computer with the least amount of effort? Choose one: a. Use... Read More

Question : What type would you set on a partition to make it a swap partition? Choose one: a. 82 b. 83 c. s d. swap Answer: a The swap partition must be of type 82 in order for Linux to be able to use it as a swap partition. Read More

Question : You have a new, empty hard drive that you will use for Linux. What is the first step you use. Choose one: a. Create an extended partition to be used for data. b. Format the hard drive to use the ext2 filesystem. c.... Read More

tar tf MyBackup.tar The t switch tells tar to display the contents and the f modifier specifies which file to examine. Read More

b Documentation is customarily installed in one of the subdirectories under /usr. Read More

ls -r /home/ben/memos/*.mem The -c option used with ls results in the files being listed in chronological order. You can use wildcards with the ls command to specify a pattern of filenames. Read More

Shadow The shadow password package moves the central password file to a more secure location. Answers a, b, and e all point to valid packages, but none of these places the password file in a more secure location. Answer d points to an invalid... Read More

Separate each command with a semi-colon (;) and press enter after the last command. The semi-colon may be used to tell the shell that you are entering multiple commands that should be executed serially. If these were commands that you would... Read More

The seven fields required for each line in the /etc/passwd file are username, UID, GID, comment, home directory, command. Each of these fields must be separated by a colon even if they are empty. Read More

There is no need to link the user's home directory to the shell command. Rather, the specified shell must be present on your system. Read More

Question : Which of the following tasks is not controlled by one of the rc startup scripts? Choose one: a. backup users' directories b. run fsck c. mount filesystems d. load modules Answer: a The rc scripts accomplish many start... Read More

The fdisk partitioning tool is available in all Linux distributions. Answers a, c, and e all handle partitioning, but do not come with all distributions. Disk Druid is made by Red Hat and used in its distribution along with some derivatives.... Read More

Question : You have installed a new UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) and the powerd daemon. Which file should you use to define the steps to be taken in the case of a power failure? Choose one: a. /etc/ups.conf b. /etc/inittab c. ... Read More

Question : You have made changes to the /etc/inittab file after installing your UPS. How do you institute these configuration changes without having to reboot your computer or have your users log off? Choose one: a. Issue the command... Read More

Question : You boot your system using LILO. Although you have four different boot images on your system, you cannot remember what you named them and you do not want to boot your default image. What should you do? Choose one: a. At the... Read More

Question : You have made changes to the LILO configuration file but you are not sure the changes will work. How can you test the new configuration without installing it? Choose one: a. LILO -t b. LILO -c filename c. LILO -s filename d.... Read More

Question : When booting your system after installing LILO you see LIL and then nothing happens. What could be the problem. Choose one: a. LILO loaded successfully but the kernel is corrupt. b. LILO is not installed properly. c. LILO could... Read More

Question : You are going to install a new hard disk in your system. Which of the following commands will halt your system so you can install the new hardware? Choose one: a. shutdown -k now b. shutdown -h now c. shutdown -r now d.... Read More

Question : You want to review the man page on the files used to control hosts access, however, when you enter man hosts_access you get the man page for the routines used to programaticlly manipulate access. What is the problem? Choose one: ... Read More

Question : When you install a new application, documentation on that application is also usually installed. Where would you look for the documentation after installing an application called MyApp? Choose one: a. /usr/MyApp b. /lib/doc... Read More

Question : You need to update your HOWTOs. Where should you go to acquire the latest versions? Choose one: a. Linux Mall and order a new CD. b. Your local Linux Users Group should have a copy. c. The web site for your distribution. d.... Read More

Question : You have a problem installing an older CD-ROM drive on one of your Linux servers. You have checked the HOWTOs and FAQs but have not found your answer. Where could you go to search the newsgroups to look fora solution? Choose one: ... Read More

Question : The whereis command is helpful in finding the location of a command as well as its related man page. What is the disadvantage of using it? Choose one: a. Since it searches the entire directory tree, the whereis command can... Read More

Question : Which of the following would improve your ability to provide user support? Choose one: a. Create a directory containing instructions for using all installed applications. b. Email your user's your office hours. c.... Read More

Question : Which of the following commands will combine the contents of the files tom and betty into a new file called friends? Choose one: a. ls tom betty > friends b. cat tom betty > friends c. more tom betty >>... Read More

Question : Which of the following tasks cannot be accomplished with the touch command? Choose one: a. Create a new file b. Change a file's modification time c. Change a file's access time d. Change a file's creation time... Read More

Question : You want to copy the user's home directories to a new location. Which of the following commands will accomplish this? Choose one: a. cp -rP /home/* newdir b. cp -i /home/* newdir c. cp -iv /home/* newdir d. cp -b /home/*... Read More

Question : You read an article that lists the following command: dd if=/dev/fd0 bs=512 of=/new What does this accomplish? Choose one: a. It copies the contents of a floppy disk to a file called new. b. It copies the file new to a... Read More

Question : You attempt to delete a file called sales.mem using the rm command but the command fails. What could be the problem? Choose one: a. You do not have delete rights to the file called sales.mem. b. You need to use the -i... Read More

Question : You need to create two new directories in your home directory. The first one is called /home/ bob/ letters and the second one is /home/bob/letters/sales. Which of the following command lines should you use? Choose one: a.... Read More

Question : You want to construct a regular expression that will match all lines that end with 'stuff'. Which of the following expressions will do this? Choose one: a. ^stuff b. stuff$ c. $stuff d. stuff^ Read More

Question : You want to search for sale and sales. What regular expression should you use? Choose one: a. sale* b. sale? c. ^sale d. sale$ Answer: a Use the asterick (*) to match to zero or more characters. The '?' ... Read More

Question : You want to know how many lines in the kickoff file contains ' prize'. Which of the following commands will produce the desired results? Choose one: a. grep -n prize kickoff b. grep -c prize kickoff c. grep -v... Read More

Question : You have a file called docs.Z but do not know what it is. What is the easiest way to look at the contents of the file? Choose one: a. Use zcat to display its contents. b. Use uncompress to expand the file and then use emacs to... Read More

Question : All groups are defined in the /etc/group file. Each entry contains four fields in the following order. Choose one: a. groupname, password, GID, member list b. GID, groupname, password, member list c. groupname, GID, password,... Read More

Question : You issue the command mount without any options and the following output is displayed /dev/hda1 on / type ext2 (rw) none on /proc type proc (rw) /dev/hda9 on /home type ext2 (rw) /dev/hda7 on /tmp type ext2 (rw) /dev/hda5 on ... Read More

Question : You have a new application on a CD- ROM that you wish to install. What should your first step be? Choose one: a. Read the installation instructions on the CD-ROM. b. Use the mount command to mount your CD-ROM as read-write.... Read More

Question : You changed the GID of the sales group by editing the /etc/group file. All of the members can change to the group without any problem except for Joe. He cannot even login to the system. What is the problem? Choose one: a. Joe... Read More

Question : You use the mount -a command to mount all your filesystems, however, you cannot access your CD-ROM. What could be the problem? Choose one: a. The CD-ROM is not defined in the fstab file. b. The CD-ROM cannot be mounted using... Read More

Question : You need to delete the group dataproject. Which two of the following tasks should you do first before deleting the group? A. Check the /etc/passwd file to make sure no one has this group as his default group. B. Change the... Read More

unmount the floppy If you do not unmount the floppy before removing it, the files on the floppy may become corrupted. Read More

Question : What file contains the default environment variables when using the bash shell? Choose one: a. ~/.profile b. /bash c. /etc/profile d. ~/bash Answer: c The /etc/profile file contains the system default environment... Read More

Question : You have a file called salesdata and create symbolic links to it in bob's home directory. Bob calls you and says that his link no longer works. How can you fix the link? Choose one: a. The file salesdata has been... Read More

chown The chown command can be used by root to give ownership of a file to any user. Read More

Question : You have to type your name and title frequently throughout the day and would like to decrease the number of key strokes you use to type this. Which one of your configuration files would you edit to bind this information to one of the... Read More

Question : You have a directory with the following permissions drw-rw--w- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 administration and need to give everyone except root read only access to it. Which of the following commands will accomplish this? ... Read More

Question : You have installed a new application but when you type in the command to start it you get the error message Command not found. What do you need to do to fix this problem? Choose one a. Add the directory containing the... Read More

Question : You have a file with permissions set as -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 phonenos What would be the effect of issuing the command chmod 4755? Choose one: a. The owner would be given execute permission. b. To... Read More

Question : Which of the following commands will replace all occurrences of the word rate with the word speed in the file racing? Choose one: a. sed s/rate/speed/g racing b. sed -n s/rate/speed/ racing c. sed s/rate/speed/ racing d.... Read More

history 5 The history command displays the commands you have previously entered. By passing it an argument of 5, only the last five commands will be displayed. Read More

Question : Using command substitution, how would you display the value of the present working directory? Choose one a. echo $(pwd) b. echo pwd c. $pwd d. pwd | echo Answer: a Using the $ and parenthesis causes the value of the... Read More

join The join text filter will display one line for each pair of input lines from two files. Read More

Question : You have the file phonenos that contains telephone numbers and names separated by a comma. You want to change each comma to a semicolon. Which of the following will accomplish this. Choose one: a. cat phonenos | tr '... Read More

Question : Which one of the following factors does not play a role in choosing the type of backup media to use? Choose one: a. How frequently a file changes b. How long you need to retain the backup c. How much data needs to be backed... Read More

Question : If you type the command cat dog > cat what would you see on your display? Choose one: a. Any error messages only. b. The contents of the file dog. c. The contents of the file dog and any error messages. d. The... Read More

copy The easiest most basic form of backing up a file is to make a copy of that file to another location such as a floppy disk. Read More

Question : When is the most important time to restore a file from your backup? Choose one a. On a regular scheduled basis to verify that the data is available. b. When the system crashes. c. When a user inadvertently loses a file. d.... Read More

Question : What is wrong with the following command? tar cvfb / /dev/tape 20 Choose one a. You cannot use the c option with the b option. b. The correct line should be tar -cvfb / /dev/tape20. c. The arguments are not in the same... Read More

Question : What is the purpose of the command xargs? Choose one: a. xargs is used to pass arguments from one command to another. b. xargs is used to redirect standard output to a file. c. xargs is used to redirect standard error to a file... Read More

Question : Which of the following are X-based system configuration tools available in some distributions? [Choose all correct answers] A) COAS B) KConf C) Linuxconf D) Yast E) GnoConf Answer: A, B, D - GUI-based configuration... Read More

Officially an operating system is not allowed to be called a Unix until it passes the Open Group's certification tests, and supports the necessary API's. Nobody has yet stepped forward to pay the large fees that certification involves, so... Read More

Question : Which hardware considerations should you keep in mind when putting together this mail server's list of components? [Choose all correct answers] A) Monitor resolution B) RAM size C) VRAM size D) CPU speed E) Large,... Read More

Question : Of the following technologies, which is considered a client-side script? A) JavaScript B) Java C) ASP D) C++ Answer: A - JavaScript is the only client-side script listed. Java and C++ are complete programming languages. ... Read More

Linus Torvalds and a loosely knit team of volunteer hackers from across the Internet wrote (and still are writing) Linux from scratch. Read More

Question : Which command works in almost all distributions to create a boot disk? A) mkboot B) make bootdsk C) make boot D) mkbootdsk E) mkbootdisk Answer:    E - The mkbootdisk command creates a boot disk.... Read More

Linux runs on almost every general-purpose computer made in the last 10 years. It runs on systems as small as PDAs (for example, the Sharp Zaurus) and on systems as large as IBM mainframes. There are Linux distributions specifically for mobile and... Read More

Question : Which partitions might you create on the mail server's hard drive(s) other than the root, swap, and boot partitions? [Choose all correct answers] A) /var/spool B) /tmp C) /proc D) /bin E) /home Answer(s): A, B, E -... Read More

Intel CPU, PC- compatible machines require at least an 80386 processor to run the standard Linux kernel. Linux, including the X Window System GUI, runs on most current laptops. Read More

The easiest way to update your kernel is to get the update directly from the distribution which you are running. If you need or want to configure and compile your own kernel, the web page at http://www.kernel. org/ lists the current versions of the... Read More

Question : Which of the following commands can you use to cleanly restart a Linux machine? [Choose all correct answers] A) reboot B) init 6 C) init 0 D) shutdown -r E) shutdown -h Answer(s): A, B, D - The commands used to restart... Read More

Problems with threads originate from a classic view and its intrinsic concurrency complexity. Read More

Question : You are installing Linux into a computer with two IDE hard drives. You plan on dividing each hard drive into two partitions. What are the names of the partitions? Choose one: a. hda1, hda2, hda3, hda4 b. hda1, hda2, hdb1,... Read More

passwd boba The passwd command is used to change your password. If you do not specify a username, your password will be changed. Read More

find /home | cpio -o > backup.cpio The find command is used to create a list of the files and directories contained in home. This list is then piped to the cpio utility as a list of files to include and the output is saved to a file called backup... Read More

Question : While logged on as a regular user, your boss calls up and wants you to create a new user account immediately. How can you do this without first having to close your work, log off and logon as root? Choose one: a. Issue the ... Read More

Question : You have entered the following cronjob. When will it run? 15 * * * 1,3,5 myscript Choose one: a. at 15 minutes after every hour on the 1st, 3rd and 5th of each month. b. at 1:15 am, 3:15 am, and 5:15 am every day c. at 3:00... Read More

Question : What is contained in the directory /proc? Choose one: a. System information b. Administrative procedures c. Boot procedures d. Documentation on your system Answer: a The /proc directory is a virtual filesystem that... Read More

Question : If you type the command cat dog &> cat what would you see on your display? Choose one: a. Any error messages only. b. The contents of the file dog. c. The contents of the file dog and any error messages. d. Nothing as... Read More

User-level avoids the kernel and manages the tables itself. Often this is called "cooperative multitasking" where the task defines a set of routines that get "switched to" by manipulating the stack pointer. Typically each thread "gives-up" the CPU by... Read More

Kernel-level threads often are implemented in the kernel using several tables (each task gets a table of threads). In this case, the kernel schedules each thread within the timeslice of each process. There is a little more overhead with mode... Read More

Question : Which two commands can you use to delete directories? A) rm B) rm -rf C) rmdir D) rd E) rd -rf Answer:    B, C - You can use rmdir or rm -rf to delete a directory. Answer a is incorrect, because the rm... Read More

Question : Several of your users have been scheduling large at jobs to run during peak load times. How can you prevent anyone from scheduling an at job? Choose one: a. delete the file /etc/at.deny b. create an empty file called /etc/at... Read More

Question : As the system administrator you need to review Bob's cronjobs. What command would you use? Choose one: a. crontab -lu bob b. crontab -u bob c. crontab -l d. cronq -lu bob Answer: a The -l option requests a list of... Read More

Question : In order to schedule a cronjob, the first task is to create a text file containing the jobs to be run along with the time they are to run. Which of the following commands will run the script MyScript every day at 11:45 pm? Choose... Read More

Question : One of your users, Bob, has created a script to reindex his database. Now he has it scheduled to run every day at 10:30 am. What command should you use to delete this job. Choose one: a. crontab -ru bob b. crontab -u bob ... Read More

Question : You have made changes to the /etc/syslog.conf file. Which of the following commands will cause these changes to be implemented without having to reboot your computer? Choose one: a. kill SIGHINT ` cat /var/run/syslogd.pid` b.... Read More

Question : You wish to have all mail messages except those of type info to the /var/log/mailmessages file. Which of the following lines in your /etc/syslogd.conf file would accomplish this? Choose one: a. mail.*;mail!=info ... Read More

Question : You have been told to configure a method of rotating log files on your system. Which of the following factors do you not need to consider? Choose one: a. date and time of messages b. log size c. frequency of rotation d.... Read More

Question : You wish to rotate all your logs weekly except for the /var/log/wtmp log which you wish to rotate monthly. How could you accomplish this. Choose one: a. Assign a global option to rotate all logs weekly and a local option to... Read More

/etc/login.defs The /etc/login.defs file defines the first number that can be used as a user ID. Read More

16 Normally, the swap partition should be twice the amount of the physical RAM but at least 16 MB. Read More

cylinders When creating a new partition you must first specify its starting cylinder. You can then either specify its size or the ending cylinder. Read More

mkfs The mkfs command creates the new filesystem on your partition. Read More

Question : You want to know how much space is being occupied by your user's home directories. Which of the following will provide you with this information? Choose one: a. du -l /home b. du -b /home c. du -m /home d. du -c /home ... Read More

Question : You can start Linux in many different ways. Which of the following is not one of these? Choose one: a. Type linux from a DOS prompt under Windows 95. b. Using a boot loader such as LILO c. From a floppy disk d. Type linux... Read More

DHCP You can use a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to individual machines during the installation process. Answers a, b, d, and e list legitimate Linux servers, but these servers do not provide IP addresses. The SMB, or Samba, tool is used for ... Read More

Question : What command can you use to see the boot messages? Choose one: a. dmesg b. cat kernel.messages c. logview d. man logs Answer: a The dmesg command will display the messages from the kernel that were recorded in /var... Read More

Question : How does single user mode differ from other runlevels? Choose one: a. init does not read the /etc/inittab file b. Users can only log into the system across the network. c. Network services are disabled. d. All processes are... Read More

Question : What should you type to change the runlevel of your system? Choose one: a. init [runlevel] b. halt [runlevel] c. /etc/inittab d. sys init [runlevel] Answer: a You can change the runlevel by using either the init or... Read More

The dmesg command displays the system messages contained in the kernel ring buffer. By using this command immediately after booting your computer, you will see the boot messages. Read More

Question : Part of your /etc/lilo.conf file is as follows: boot=/dev/hda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.36.0.7 label=linux root=/dev/dha1 You would like to start in single user mode but you do not get a... Read More

Question : You want to find how to set the manpath variable so you type man man. What would you type while displaying the page to find the location where manpath is discussed? Choose one: a. grep manpath b. find manpath c. /manpath d.... Read More

Question : There is considerable documentation covering various tasks provided as HOWTOs. These documents are normally installed in which directory. Choose one: a. /etc/ HOWTO b. /usr/doc/HOWTO c. /usr/HOWTO d. /usr/lib/HOWTO ... Read More

frequently asked questions FAQ's are written in question and answer format. They are intended to be used in conjunction with the HOWTOs. Read More

file letters tom betty The file utility will display the file's type for each filename that is passed as an argument. Read More

Question : Which of the following cannot be accomplished with the cat command? Choose one: a. Create a new file b. Display the contents of a file c. Append information to another file d. Change the contents of a file Answer: d ... Read More

Question : Which of the following tasks is not necessary when creating a new user by editing the /etc/passwd file? Choose one: a. Create a link from the user's home directory to the shell the user will use. b. Create the user&... Read More

Question : You search for the word prize in the file kickoff by typing grep prize kickoff. However you also find lines containing prize as part of a word such as prizes but do not find Prize. How should you change the command to find all... Read More

Question : You issue the following command useradd -m bobm But the user cannot logon. What is the problem? Choose one: a. You need to assign a password to bobm's account using the passwd command. b. You need to create bobm's home... Read More

Question : You want to verify which lines in the file kickoff contain ' Bob'. Which of the following commands will accomplish this? Choose one: a. sed -n / Bob/p kickoff b. sed /Bob/p kickoff c. sed -n 'Bob p'... Read More

Question : You have created special configuration files that you want copied to each user's home directories when creating new user accounts. You copy the files to /etc/skel. Which of the following commands will make this happen? ... Read More

Question : You are using tar to create a tarfile of the files contained in the /home/ bob/memos directory. After making the /home/ bob/memos directory your working directory, which of the following commands will create the file? Choose one... Read More

Question : Mary has recently gotten married and wants to change her username from mstone to mknight. Which of the following commands should you run to accomplish this? Choose one: a. usermod -l mknight mstone b. usermod -l mstone mknight ... Read More

hard Hard links all have the same inode number, unlike symbolic links. Read More

find /home -name salesdata When using the find command to locate a file by name you must specify the starting place in the directory heirarchy and the -name option to specify the file to search for. Read More

Question : How does the locate and find commands differ in their method of searching? Choose one: a. locate uses the locatedb database and find searches the directory tree. b. find uses the finddb database and locate searches the ... Read More

set -o vi The set command is used to assign environment variables. In this case, you are instructing your shell to assign vi as your command line editor. However, once you log off and log back in you will return to the previously defined command... Read More

Question : A listing of the /data directory shows drw-rw-r-- 1 root accounting 17249 Sep 7 10:08 accounting drw-rw-r-- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 administration drw-rw-r-- 1 root humres 13367 Sep 1 12:58 humres drw-rw-r-- 1 root sales... Read More

Question : You have a file called administration with the following attributes -rw-rw-r-- 1 root admin 7202 Sep 17 9:10 administration George is a member of the admin group and Bob is a member of the sales group. Both George and Bob... Read More

user There are two types of variables: user and environment variables. An environment variable is one that is already named by the program, but you can change its value. A user variable, however, is one that you can create by naming it and then... Read More

Question : You telnet into several of your servers simultaneously. During the day, you sometimes get confused as to which telnet session is connected to which server. Which of the following commands in your .profile file would make it... Read More

Question : Every time you attempt to delete a file using the rm utility, the operating system prompts you for confirmation. You know that this is not the customary behavior for the rm command. What is wrong? Choose one a. rm has been... Read More

fc -5 The fc command can be used to edit or rerun commands you have previously entered. To specify the number of commands to list, use -n. Read More

Question : You have a file called phonenos that consists of two fields per line, telephone number and name, with the fields being separated by a comma (,). You want to have a list of the names only. Which command will accomplish this? ... Read More

ls /etc > DirContents Using the > will redirect the output of the ls /etc command to the file DirContents. Read More

Question : You issue the command head *. What would the resulting output be? Choose one: a. The first ten lines of each file in the working directory would be displayed preceeded by the file's name. b. The first five lines of each... Read More

nl The nl text filter will divide a file into logical pages and number each line. Read More

Question : You issue the command jobs and receive the following output: [1]- Stopped (tty output) pine [2]+ Stopped (tty output) MyScript How would you bring the MyScript process to the foreground? ... Read More

Return code is a common feature in shell programming. These return codes indicate whether a particular program or application has succeeded or failed during its process. && can be used inreturn code to indicate which application needs to be... Read More

what to backup Choosing which files to backup is the first step in planning your backup strategy. Read More

Question : When you back up only the files that have changed since the last backup, this is called a backup. Choose one a. Partial b. Differential c. Full d. Copy Answer: b A differential backup is one where the files to backup... Read More

Question : As a system administrator, you are instructed to backup all the users' home directories. Which of the following commands would accomplish this? Choose one a. tar rf usersbkup home/* b. tar cf usersbkup home/* c. tar... Read More

Question : If you type the command cat dog 1> cat 2> horse where would the output be sent? Choose one: a. Any error messages would be saved to the file horse and the standard output would be saved to the file cat. b. Any error... Read More

Question : You enter the command cat horse | tr 'x' 'X'. What is the result of this command? Choose one: a. The file horse will be displayed to the screen. b. Any lines in the file horse containing 'x' or &... Read More

Question : What happens to your ipchains settings when you reboot a machine? A) They are automatically saved. B) They are automatically saved if you set them to be. C) They cannot be saved. D) They cannot be automatically saved unless... Read More

Question : Which of the following Web sites would you go to in order to keep up with the latest Linux security information? [Choose all correct answers] A) http://www.ilda.org/ B) http://www.cert.org/ C) http://www.ciac.org/ D) http:/... Read More

At any given time, there are several "stable" versions of Linux, and one "development" version. Unlike most proprietary software, older stable versions continue to be supported for as long as there is interest, which is why multiple versions exist. ... Read More

Question : Which file do you edit to set partitions to mount at boot time? A) /etc/fstab B) /etc/services C) /etc/smb.conf D) /etc/fstab.conf E) /etc/mount.conf Answer: A - The file /etc/fstab manages which partitions are ... Read More

Linux supports a few dozen USB devices at present, and work is underway to develop additional device drivers. Read More

Yes, but won't be able to use simultaneously two ordinary ports which share an interrupt (without some trickery). This is a limitation of the ISA Bus architecture. Read More

The most recent Linux kernels support software RAID, and they will work with RAID disk controllers. Read More

Have the data driver on a floppy drive. At the start of installation, when u boot from the CD/DVD, on the prompt, write "dd". It will ask for the driver floppy later on and will load the sata driver. Then you canconfigure/ partition the drive using... Read More

You will have to use multiple range statements range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.20; range 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.30; The above will exclude 21 and 22 Read More

Question : You have been assigned the task of determining if there are any user accounts defined on your system that have not been used during the last three months. Which log file should you examine to determine this information? Choose one... Read More