RPC hides the intricacies of the network by using the ordinary procedure call mechanism familiar to every programmer. A client process calls a function on a remote server and suspends itself until it gets back the results. Parameters are passed like... Read More

Non-GUI Client: These are applications, generate server requests with a minimal amount of human interaction. GUI Clients: These are applicatoins, where occassional requests to the server result from a human interacting with a GUI (Example:... Read More

General middleware Service-specific middleware. Read More

Ubiquitous communications Network OS extension Binary large objects (BLOBs) Global directories and Network yellow pages Authentication and Authorization services System management Network time Database and transaction services Internet... Read More

Clients and Servers are separate logical entities that work together over a network to accomplish a task. Many systems with very different architectures that are connected together are also called Client/Server. Client and Server are two... Read More

With an object server, the Client/Server application is written as a set of communicating objects. Client object communicate with server objects using an Object Request Broker (ORB). The client invokes a method on a remote object. The ORB locates... Read More

Database Servers TP Monitors Groupware Distributed Objects Intranets. Read More

With a database server, the client passes SQL requests as messages to the database server. The results of each SQL command are returned over the network. The server uses its own processing power to find the request data instead of passing all the... Read More

A stored procedure ia s named collection of SQL statements and procedural logic that is compiled, verified and stored in a server database. It is typically treated like any other database object. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a... Read More

SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was developed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It consists of a short list of powerful, yet highly flexible, commands that can be used to manipulate information... Read More

The client side building block runs the client side of the application. The server side building block runs the server side of the application. The middleware buliding block runs on both the client and server sides of an application. It is broken... Read More

This new model of Client/Server consists of thin, protable, "universal" clients that talk to superfat servers. In the simplet form, a web server returns documents when clients ask for them by name. The clients and server communicate using an RPC... Read More

The triggers are called implicitly by database generated events, while stored procedures are called explicitly by client applications. Read More

It includes the communication stacks, distributed directories, authentication services, network time, RPC, Queuing services along with the network OS extensions such as the distributed file and print services. Read More

With a transaction server, the client invokes remote procedures that reside on the server with an SQL database engine. These remote procedures on the server execute a group of SQL statements. The network exchange consists of a single request... Read More

Task preemption Task priority Semaphores Interprocess communications (IPC) Local/Remote Interprocess communication Threads Intertask protection Multiuser High performance file system Efficient memory management and Dynamically linked Run... Read More

TP lite, based on stored procedures. TP heavy, based on the TP monitors. Read More

Transparency really means hiding the network and its servers from the users and even the application programmers Read More

In 2-tier Client/Server systems, the application logic is either burried inside the user interface on the client or within the database on the server. Example: File servers and Database servers with stored procedures. Read More

TP-Lite is simply the integration of TP Monitor functions in the database engines. TP-Heavy are TP Monitors which supports the Client/Server architecture and allow PC to initiate some very complex multiserver transaction from the desktop. Read More

Resource Manager Transaction Manager and Application Program. Read More

SQL is an interactive query language for ad hoc database queries. SQL is a database programming language. SQL is a data definition and data administration language. SQL is the language of networked database servers SQL helps protect the data in a... Read More

Non- GUI clients - Two types are:- Non-GUI clients that do not need multi-tasking (Example: Automatic Teller Machines (ATM), Cell phone) Non-GUI clients that need multi-tasking (Example: ROBOTs) GUI clients OOUI clients Read More

It waits for client-initiated requests. Executes many requests at the same time. Takes care of VIP clients first. Initiates and runs background task activity. Keeps running. Grown bigger and faster. Read More

Middleware is a distributed software needed to support interaction between clients and servers. In short, it is the software that is in the middle of the Client/Server systems and it acts as a bridge between the clients and servers. It starts with... Read More

Horizontal scaling means adding or removing client workstations with only a slight performance impact. Vertical scaling means migrating to a larger and faster server machine or multiservers. Read More

In the transaction server, the client component usually includes GUI and the server components usually consists of SQL transactions against a database. These applications are called OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) OLTP Applications typically, ... Read More

There is no commonly accepted definition for a TP monitor. According to Jeri Edwards' a TP Monitor is "an OS for transaction processing". TP Monitor does mainly two things extremely well. They are Process management and Transaction management... Read More

MOM allows general purpose messages to be exchanged in a Client/Server system using message queues. Applications communicate over networks by simply putting messages in the queues and getting messages from queues. It typically provides a very simple... Read More

These are fully-loaded machines which includes multiprocessors, high-speed disk arrays for intervive I/O and fault tolerant features. Read More

ACID is a term coined by Andrew Reuter in 1983, which stands for Atomicity, Consistence, Isolation and Durability. ACID property is the basic property for transaction processing. A - atomicity C - consistency I - isolation D - durability Read More

There is a many-to-one relationship between clients and server. Clients always initiate the dialog by requesting a service. Servers are passively awaiting for requests from clients. Read More

when you feel that your server is access is very slow from clint computer and,some software require high configration at that time you can think that your server should be upgraded Read More

It imposses hierarchy and a division of labour among processors. Only one designated processor, the master, controls (in a tightly coupled arrangement) slave processors dedicated to specific functions. Read More

User interface Business Logic and Shared data. Read More

The types of transparencies the NOS middleware is expected to provide are:- Location transparency Namespace transparency Logon transparency Replication transparency Local/Remote access transparency Distributed time transparency Failure... Read More

File servers are useful for sharing files across a network. With a file server, the client passes requests for file records over nerwork to file server. Read More

File servers Database servers Transaction servers Groupware servers Object servers Web servers. Read More

Client/Server applications development framework. Firewalls of protection. High availability. Load balancing. MOM integration. Scalability of functions. Reduced system cost. Read More

If the number of incoming clients requests exceeds the number of processes in a server class, the TP Monitor may dynamically start new ones and this is called Load balancing. Read More

Triggers are special user defined actions usually in the form of stored procedures, that are automatically invoked by the server based on data related events. It can perform complex actions and can use the full power of procedural languages. A... Read More

Process-per-client Architecture. (Example: Oracle 6, Informix ) Multithreaded Architecture. (Example: Sybase, SQL server) Hybrid Architecture (Example: Oracle 7) Read More

Base services - It is a part of the standard OS. Extended services - These are add-on modular software components that are layered on top of base service. Read More

In 3-tier Client/ Server systems, the application logic (or process) lives in the middle tier and it is separated from the data and the user interface. In theory, the 3-tier Client/Server systems are more scalable, robust and flexible. ... Read More

If the bulk of the application runs on the Client side, then it is Fat clients. It is used for decision support and personal software. If the bulk of the application runs on the Server side, then it is Fat servers. It tries to minimize network... Read More

The grouped SQL statements are called Transactions (or) A transaction is a collection of actions embused with ACID properties. Read More

Service Shared resources Asymmentrical protocols Transparency of location Mix-and-match Message based exchanges Encapsulation of services Scalability Integrity Client/Server computing is the ultimate "Open platform". It gives the freedom... Read More

Router is a layer 3 device and it send packets to the clients. best example for this is internet connection. ISP(internet service providers)send packets to their customers through this Router. Read More

It treats all processors as equal. Any processor can do the work of any other processor. Applications are divided into threads that can run concurrently on any available processor. Any processor in the pool can run the OS kernel and execute user... Read More

The client The server and Middleware. Read More

It is needed to accomplish a particular Client/Server type of services which includes:- Database specific middleware OLTP specific middleware Groupware specific middleware Object specific middleware Internet specific middleware and System... Read More