energy_auditing Seminar

[born_for seminars]

INTRODUCTION:

With increase in demand in energy and deficient in power generation, the cost of power is going to increase manifold. This will worsen the cost of lining if new technology energy efficient fittings and machines are consuming more power. The energy savings can be accomplished by efficient use of power and judiciously employing energy management programmers.
Energy Audit like, a financial audit is a systematic and scientific process to identify the potential for improvements in energy efficiency, to recommend the ways, with or without financial investment, to achieve estimated savings in energy and energy cost.
This requires collection &analysis of existing energy usage data, careful study of existing equipment and the process and then suggesting practical& economic ways for saving energy &energy cost.
The greatest malady that has plagued power supply utilities is the scourge of transmission and distribution losses. Although the menace of transmission & distribution losses in a power system in inevitable, yet these need to be continuously monitored and mitigated to reasonable limits. Transmission & Distribution losses in power system account for the energy lost in transit from the sending end to the receiving end.
In the present era, more generation of power is not sufficient; the prime concern is how we make power available to the consumer that is reliable and at affordable cost. Any changes in the power sector right from generation to transmission to distribution to the consumer should focus on the customer...



ENERGY AUDIT:


An ideal way of identifying energy saving opportunities in your business is to conduct an energy audit. An energy audit is a fundamental part of any energy management programme, which wishes to control its energy costs. Energy audits can be considered as a first step under standing how energy is being used in a given facility. It indicates the ways in which different forms of energy are being used and quantifies energy use according to discrete functions .The energy audit is a balance sheet of energy inputs and outputs
The aim of energy audit is to obtain a simple, but comprehensive photograph of the overall energy flow situation within a declared system boundary, which may be a building, a factory, or a product lane or an agricultural sector. This picture aids comprehension of the total overall system activity, reveals inter-relations and allows priorities to be identified. It high lights major areas where inefficiencies or waste occurs and allows economic estimates, leading to fully reasoned investment decisions, to be considered.
The energy audit enables analyzing the data in meaningful manner to evolve measure to introduce checks and balances in the system.
Necessity:
Auditing of energy in electrical under taking has become increasingly important in view of
• Large energy shortages, mismatches in Demand and supply in all SEBs.
• Very low sales & high T&D loss levels requiring identification of areas of rampant pilferage and malpractices, due to organizational deficiencies.
• Deteriorating financial position, shortage of funds for system improvement.
• Improving the efficiency of functioning of the power system as also the personnel in the organization at each level.
• Analysis of expenditure/investment Vs revenue.
Energy audit is carried out with the following objectives-
• Review and up gradation of procedure for energy accounting i.e., losses at various levels.
• Review of technical efficiency of system elements in ST&D system by identification of areas of technical & non technical losses.
• Suggest remedial action to reduce the losses by various methods of system improvement, conservation of energy, and load management, curbing pilferage &plugging up leakages.
• Review of performance of equipment, meters and distribution transformers etc.
• Analysis of the techniques for measuring energy received, energy billed and revenue.
• To clearly audit the segregation of technical and non-technical losses.
• Establishment of norms for checking the consumption of various categories of consumers and overall energy balance.
The work undertaken during an audit may include:
• Investigating the usage of all types of energy consumed and energy using equipment within the building, complex or plant.
• Identifying the energy usage of all major heating and cooling applications and its percentage against total energy use.
• Identifying cost-effective measures to improve the efficiency of energy use.
• Estimating the potential energy savings, indicative budget costs and payback periods .
• Reviewing energy management strategies, including monitoring systems & evaluation process.
The underlying current for the above mentioned activities i.e., to get over all picture of energy availability and its use is to conduct proper accounting.


ENERGY ACCOUNTING:


The energy accounting gives the overall picture of energy availability and its use. Energy accounting involves preparation of energy accounts of the energy flow to various segments of sub-transmission and distribution system and supply to various categories of consumers and how it has been consumed out of total available quantum over a specified period. Preparation of electrical network database and documentation and consolidation of consumer details would be the first step in energy accounting. In the area of energy accounting, network metering and consumer metering system should be reviewed and working, non-working, defective un-metered supply etc., should be documented for taking corrective measures. It involves preparation of accounts of the energy flow to various segments and various categories of consumers and how it has been consumed out of total available quantum over a specified time period.